Three different faults cause the same complaint, and guessing wrong means paying for a part that was working fine. The symptoms split them up pretty well.
No hot water at all, but the system has power. That's almost always a dead element. Resistance testing sorts it in minutes. A healthy element reads somewhere around 12 to 24 ohms. A failed one reads open circuit.
Lukewarm water, or the temperature wanders. That's the thermostat, not the element. The element is still heating, something just isn't telling it when to stop. Scalding water is the same fault the other way, and that one burns people and runs your bill up.
The breaker or safety switch trips. That's an earth fault, usually an element whose insulation has broken down and is leaking current into the water. Insulation resistance testing finds it. Loose connections and wiring shorts do it too.
A shock off the hot tap. Stop using it and ring. That's current getting into the water or a problem with the earthing, and it isn't something to sit on.
Some faults turn out not to be electrical at all. Tank leaks and failed dip tubes look the same from the shower. If that's what Glenn finds, he'll point you at the right trade.





